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  "text" : "（德国之声中文网） 中欧之间的贸易冲突已进入新的对峙阶段。中国商务部于周一（12月22日）发布公告，决定自12月23日起，以临时保证金的形式对部分来自欧盟的乳制品征收临时反补贴税。根据公告，各公司的税率差异巨大：意大利的Sterilgarda Alimenti公司税率最低，为21.9%；而荷兰与比利时的乳制品巨头菲仕兰（FrieslandCampina）则被课以42.7%的最高税率。 中国商务部声称，初步调查结果显示，原产于欧盟的进口乳制品存在补贴，且这些补贴对中国国内产业造成了实质性损害。 针对电动汽车关税的报复性举措 外界普遍认为，北京此举是对欧盟此前决定对中国产电动汽车征收高额反补贴关税的明确报复。自2023年欧盟委员会启动对华电动汽车调查以来，双边关系持续恶化。作为反击，中方随后对欧盟的白兰地、猪肉以及乳制品展开了一系列调查。 欧盟委员会周一对中方的决定做出了强烈回应。一名发言人表示，中方的调查是基于“令人质疑的指控”和“不充分的证据”，这些措施是“不合理且毫无根据的”。布鲁塞尔强调，将采取一切必要手段捍卫欧洲农民和出口商的利益，并已在世贸组织（WTO）启动了法律程序。 北京强调“克制”与“对话” 尽管祭出重拳，中国商务部贸易救济局的一名官员在另一份声明中却强调，中方在利用贸易救济措施方面一直保持着“审慎和克制”。该官员指出，中方今年并未对欧盟启动任何新的贸易救济调查，仅对涉及白兰地、共聚聚甲醛和猪肉的三个旧案做出了最终裁定。 北京方面表示，反对滥用贸易救济措施的立场没有改变，并愿意通过对话和磋商与欧盟妥善处理贸易摩擦。然而，这种表态并未平息欧洲业界的担忧。 对欧洲农业而言，中国市场至关重要。海关数据显示，欧盟是中国仅次于新西兰的第二大乳制品来源地。特别是脱脂奶粉、黄油和全脂奶粉，中国一直是这些产品最重要的出口目的地之一。据悉，关于这些关税的最终决定最晚将于2026年2月21日做出。 DW中文有Instagram！欢迎搜寻dw.chinese，看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。 © 2025年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。",
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