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  "teaser" : "《华尔街日报》日前报道称两大科技巨头亚马逊和微软支持一项立法案，旨在进一步限制英伟达对华出口芯片，该法案要求芯片企业优先满足美国需求。英伟达表示，该法案属于不必要的市场干预，并担心会引发更严厉的出口限制。",
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  "text" : "（德国之声中文网）《华尔街日报》周四（11月13日）援引知情人士报道称，亚马逊加入微软的行列，支持一项进一步限制芯片制造商英伟达向中国出口芯片的立法案。 该报道称，这项名为GAIN AI的法案，也得到了人工智能初创公司Anthropic的支持。 GAIN是“Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence”（保障国家人工智能的获取与创新）的缩写。该法案作为《国防授权法案》的一部分提出，要求AI芯片制造商在向外国客户供货之前，优先满足美国国内对先进处理器的订单。 《华尔街日报》评论称，该政策将使包括微软与亚马逊在内的科技公司在其全球数据中心获得芯片供应的优先权。 亚马逊和微软罕见地与英伟达立场相左 据该报道，微软已公开表达对该法案的支持，而亚马逊云业务部门的官员则私下告诉参议院工作人员，他们也支持该法案。 《华尔街日报》指出，微软和亚马逊的态度与其芯片供应商英伟达存在罕见分歧。两家公司深度依赖英伟达GPU，却在政策上支持限制其对华出口，反映出AI领域竞争激烈，各家公司正试图确保自身获得更有利的芯片供应。 国会考虑是否将该法案纳入《国防授权法案》 该报道还提到，GAIN AI法案已获得关键民主党人支持，包括参议院多数党领袖查克·舒默（Charles E. Schumer），但要继续推进仍需更多国会议员批准。国会正在考虑是否将该法案作为修正案纳入《国防授权法案》。这一法案通常会在年底前提交总统签署。 报道称，白宫官员——包括负责AI的大卫·萨克斯David Sacks——告诉法案提案人、参议员吉姆·班克斯（Jim Banks），由于美国商务部本已监管芯片出口，该政策的实际影响有限。 Meta和Alphabet旗下的谷歌尚未对该法案表态，美国总统特朗普也未表明立场。 路透社无法立即核实这份报道。亚马逊拒绝置评，而微软、Anthropic 及白宫也未立即回应路透社的置评请求。 英伟达加强游说 全球占据主导地位的芯片制造商英伟达此前曾表示，GAIN AI法案法案属于不必要的市场干预，将限制全球先进芯片的竞争，可能为更多出口限制打开大门，从而减少其他国家可获得的算力。 《华尔街日报》亦提到，英伟达今年大幅加大在华盛顿的游说力度，并援引OpenSecrets数据报道，英伟达今年前三季度游说支出已近350万美元，远超2024全年的64万美元。英伟达CEO黄仁勋也多次与特朗普讨论AI政策。 路透社评论认为，该项立法体现出：在担忧中国可能利用获得高端AI能力来强化军事力量之际，华盛顿正试图优先保障美国自身需求。 DW中文有Instagram！欢迎搜寻dw.chinese，看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。 © 2025年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。",
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