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    "name" : "德拉吉周一向欧委会主席冯德莱恩呈交欧洲竞争报告",
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  "name" : "欧洲竞争报告中的中国因素",
  "teaser" : "欧洲怎样在同美国和中国的竞争中不至于败下阵来？欧洲前欧洲央行行长德拉吉领衔撰写的欧洲竞争报告提出很多建议，其中最关键的一点是联合融资并大举投资。对于同中国的竞争关系，德拉吉德报告也有自己观点。",
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  "text" : "（德国之声中文网）由前欧洲央行行长德拉吉(Mario Draghi)主持的欧盟经济竞争力报告于周一（9月9日）在布鲁塞尔发布。报告呼吁27个成员国加强合作，采取共同借贷、联合融资的方式，每年投资高达8000亿欧元，即欧盟GDP的4.5%，应对来自中国和美国的竞争。 报告全文长达400页，于一年前授权，原计划今年6月公布。 报告首先建议缩小与美国和中国在创新领域、尤其是在先进技术领域的差距，指出：\"欧盟在推动增长的新兴科技方面处于弱势。全球前50大科技公司中，只有4家来自欧洲。\" 德拉吉在记者会上说，自2008年以来，30%的欧洲独角兽公司（即估值超过10亿美元的初创公司）已经离开欧盟，前往美国发展。 德拉吉指出欧洲生产力下降的严重性，称这是\"关乎生存的挑战\"。他说，\"欧洲的经济增长正在放缓，但直到两年前我们对此一直忽略，因为当时情况还算不错。\" 德拉吉肯定了欧盟2050年前实现碳中和的目标，但警告道，如果欧盟成员国未能协调政策，\"减碳可能成为提升竞争力和增长的阻力。\" 位于布鲁塞尔的布吕格智库专家基科加德（Jacob Funk Kirkegaard）对联合融资持怀疑态度，在他看来，共同借贷不过是\"欧元债券的委婉说法\"，意味着由所有欧盟成员国共同担保债务。富裕国家会反对，包括德国。 德拉吉：贸易政策必须务实 报告在涉及中国的部分指出，中国与欧元区出口产品直接构成竞争的行业比例现已接近40%，2002年时这一比例仅为25%。\" 布鲁塞尔是否应该采取更强硬的对华贸易政策？德拉吉在记者会上对此表示了审慎态度，他认为，\"贸易政策必须务实。我们不能在所有领域都采取非软即硬的态度。我们必须具体分析某些行业，决定我们想做什么。\" 他举例说，\"我们的清洁技术产业目前正与中国竞争。毫无疑问，中国提供实现欧盟气候目标的最廉价方式，但中国受国家扶持的竞争，对我们清洁产业的发展构成了威胁。\" 中国清洁技术产能过剩 德拉吉报告探讨了中国在清洁技术领域产能过剩问题。报告称，到2030年，中国的光伏年产量预计将是全球需求的两倍；电池生产能力至少能够满足全球需求。 在此，欧盟表现不佳的原因之一是生产成本较高，如原材料价格或能源成本较高。相比之下，中国自2000年代以来一直积极推动这一领域的发展，并保护本国市场。 报告建议，欧盟必须确保在某些清洁技术及其供应链方面保持\"最低程度\"的自主权，为此，建议在招标中要求使用本地生产的组件，并为该行业提供更便捷的欧盟公共资金支持。 欧洲需要一条原材料价值链 在\"关键原材料\"章节里，中国被提及的频率最高。报告写道，\"关键原材料对加速欧盟经济必要的转型至关重要。\" 中国在全球稀土开采方面占据主导地位，覆盖了全球市场的68%，中国的石墨生产满足全球70%的需求，此外，中国还几乎垄断了关键矿物的加工和精炼工业。 报告建议，欧洲需要一项共同协调的战略，覆盖从原材料到最终产品的整个价值链。报告指出，欧盟最近通过的《关键原材料法》已经奠定了良好的基础，但现在必须快速而全面地落实。 中国电动车的优势：更低成本、技术领先 报告关注了汽车产业，尤其是电动车领域发生的变化，指出：欧盟在汽车行业竞争力丧失有着多个因素。报告写道：\"欧盟的气候政策为实现低碳出行（主要是电动汽车）以及生产更环保的内燃机汽车设定了雄心勃勃的目标。\" 接下来报告是这样写的：\"欧盟的供应链需要时间进行调整。同时，中国在整个电动汽车价值链上，采取了更快且更大规模的协调行动，能够凭借更低的成本（包括技术专长、规模效应和较低的劳动力成本）以及技术领先优势获益。\" 德拉吉报告中的这一观点，在此前的欧盟相关文件中没有公开表述过。 （综合报道） © 2024年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。",
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      "text" : "（德国之声中文网）由前欧洲央行行长德拉吉(Mario Draghi)主持的<span class=\"editable placeholder\" data-id=\"17452286\" data-type=\"AUTO_TOPIC\" title=\"Automatische Themenseite\">欧盟</span><a href=\"https://commission.europa.eu/topics/strengthening-european-competitiveness/eu-competitiveness-looking-ahead_en\" rel=\"ExternalRef\">经济竞争力报告</a>于周一（9月9日）在布鲁塞尔发布。报告呼吁27个成员国加强合作，采取共同借贷、联合融资的方式，每年投资高达8000亿欧元，即欧盟GDP的4.5%，应对来自中国和美国的竞争。"
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      "text" : "报告全文长达400页，于一年前授权，原计划今年6月公布。"
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      "text" : "报告首先建议缩小与美国和中国在创新领域、尤其是在先进技术领域的差距，指出：\"欧盟在推动增长的新兴科技方面处于弱势。全球前50大科技公司中，只有4家来自欧洲。\""
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      "text" : "德拉吉在记者会上说，自2008年以来，30%的欧洲独角兽公司（即估值超过10亿美元的初创公司）已经离开欧盟，前往美国发展。"
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      "text" : "德拉吉指出欧洲生产力下降的严重性，称这是\"关乎生存的挑战\"。他说，\"欧洲的经济增长正在放缓，但直到两年前我们对此一直忽略，因为当时情况还算不错。\""
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      "text" : "德拉吉肯定了欧盟2050年前实现碳中和的目标，但警告道，如果欧盟成员国未能协调政策，\"减碳可能成为提升竞争力和增长的阻力。\""
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      "text" : "报告在涉及中国的部分指出，中国与欧元区出口产品直接构成竞争的行业比例现已接近40%，2002年时这一比例仅为25%。\""
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