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  "teaser" : "在水星的地壳下，很可能埋藏有厚达18公里的钻石层。来自中国和比利时的科学家通过分析美国“信使号”水星环绕探测器传回的数据做出了这一推测。不过，这层钻石埋藏在水星表面下400多公里的深处，而且人类航天器极难到达火星。",
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  "text" : "（德国之声中文网）来自北京高压科学研究中心、比利时鲁汶天主教大学、比利时列日大学的科学家在《自然通讯》期刊上撰文指出，美国\"信使号\"探测器在水星上发现了丰富的碳元素，鉴于水星内部独特的地质环境，这些碳元素很有可能形成一层不断变厚的钻石层。两国学者也通过高压高温实验、热力学模型、行星内部结构模型证实了其可能性。 在高压高温实验中，这一联合科研团队实现了70亿帕的高压环境，这相当于每平方米承受70吨的压力。北京高压科学研究中心的林彦蒿指出，为了模拟水星地质，实验环境必须尽可能地精确，\"为此我们必须将仪器性能发挥到极限。\" 仅靠高温高压并不足以让碳元素变成钻石形态，硫元素的辅助也至关重要。联合科研团队在\"信使号\"探测器传回的数据中发现，水星上存在足量的硫元素。11%的硫含量就足以让碳元素结晶过程加快。两国科学家认为，水星表面曾经为液态的岩浆海所覆盖，而在这片岩浆海之中，石墨态的碳元素上浮到表面，冷却成为一层碳壳。而在岩浆海的底部，碳元素则在高温高压环境下由硫元素辅助形成一层钻石层。在随后的水星地质演化过程中，岩浆海逐渐冷却，更多的钻石从内核深处上浮，钻石层因此逐渐变厚，最厚可达15到18公里。 不过，科研团队在《自然通讯》的论文中也强调，以上数据均为基于实验和模型推算，与真实情况可能有所偏差。 水星钻石难开采 德国慕尼黑理工大学的行星科学家赖斯(Philip Reiß)认为，从实验与模型数据来看，水星钻石层确实可能存在，毕竟那里具备了高温高压等要素。不过，赖斯认为从水星开采钻石并不现实，因为其位于水星表面以下485公里的深处。 即便在地球上，人类迄今为止最深的钻孔也不过12公里。而且水星距离太阳非常近，表面温度高达480摄氏度，还有非常强烈的太阳辐射，这对任何试图着陆的航天器都会是巨大挑战。此外，由于水星靠近太阳，对于从地球发射的航天器而言是一个巨大的\"引力势能阱\"，因此向水星发射探测器需要消耗大量的燃料以及极其复杂精确的轨道控制。迄今为止，只有2枚探测器实现了环绕水星飞行。第三枚探测器是由欧空局和日本宇航机构联合研制的贝皮可伦坡号，预计将在2025年抵达环水星轨道，届时有望核实中国与比利时科学家的推测。 © 2024年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。",
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      "text" : "（德国之声中文网）来自北京高压科学研究中心、比利时鲁汶天主教大学、比利时列日大学的科学家在《自然通讯》期刊上撰文指出，美国\"信使号\"探测器在水星上发现了丰富的碳元素，鉴于水星内部独特的地质环境，这些碳元素很有可能形成一层不断变厚的钻石层。两国学者也通过高压高温实验、热力学模型、行星内部结构模型证实了其可能性。"
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      "text" : "在高压高温实验中，这一联合科研团队实现了70亿帕的高压环境，这相当于每平方米承受70吨的压力。北京高压科学研究中心的林彦蒿指出，为了模拟水星地质，实验环境必须尽可能地精确，\"为此我们必须将仪器性能发挥到极限。\""
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      "text" : "仅靠高温高压并不足以让碳元素变成钻石形态，硫元素的辅助也至关重要。联合科研团队在\"信使号\"探测器传回的数据中发现，水星上存在足量的硫元素。11%的硫含量就足以让碳元素结晶过程加快。两国科学家认为，水星表面曾经为液态的岩浆海所覆盖，而在这片岩浆海之中，石墨态的碳元素上浮到表面，冷却成为一层碳壳。而在岩浆海的底部，碳元素则在高温高压环境下由硫元素辅助形成一层钻石层。在随后的水星地质演化过程中，岩浆海逐渐冷却，更多的钻石从内核深处上浮，钻石层因此逐渐变厚，最厚可达15到18公里。"
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      "text" : "不过，科研团队在《自然通讯》的论文中也强调，以上数据均为基于实验和模型推算，与真实情况可能有所偏差。"
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      "text" : "德国慕尼黑理工大学的行星科学家赖斯(Philip Reiß)认为，从实验与模型数据来看，水星钻石层确实可能存在，毕竟那里具备了高温高压等要素。不过，赖斯认为从水星开采<a href=\"https://api.dw.com/api/detail/article/19160483\" rel=\"ArticleRef\">钻石</a>并不现实，因为其位于水星表面以下485公里的深处。"
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      "description" : "一颗名为“粉红之星”的超大粉钻在香港苏富比拍卖行以7120万美元成交，创下单颗钻石拍卖价格的最高纪录。这里为您细数更多身价倾城的钻石。",
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